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White American: Law and Policies
COLONIAL CARRYOVERS
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1783
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George Washington proclaimed open door policy
U.S. Constitution gave federal government right to control immigration and Congress power to set naturalization policy
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1790
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First naturalization act
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1795
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Residency requirement for naturalization extended
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1798
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Residency requirement extended again
Alien and Sedition Acts
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1819
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Immigration Act
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THE OPEN DOOR: 1820-1880
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1862
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Homestead Act
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1864
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Importing of contract labor legalized
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1866
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Bureau of Immigration established to aid new arrivals
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1875
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First federal restrictions on immigration
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EARLY CONTROL: 1880-1920
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1882
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Immigration Act
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1885
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Foran Act-end of imported contract labor
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1907
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Immigration exclusionary categories expanded
Head tax increased
Congress established the Dillingham Commission
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1917
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Immigration Act
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NATIONAL ORIGINS - PHASE ONE: 1920-1951
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1921
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Immigration Act (Johnson Act)
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1924
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Immigration Act (Johnson-Reed Act)
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1929
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Quotas recalculated
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1940
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Immigration Service moved to Justice Department
Alien Registration Act (Smith Act)
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1941
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Fair Employment Practices Commission established
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1948
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Displaced Persons Act
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1950
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Amendments to Displaced Persons Act
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NATIONAL ORIGINS-PHASE TWO: 1952-1964 AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA
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1952
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Immigration and Nationality Act (McCarran-Walter Act)
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1953
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Refugee Relief Act
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1954
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Hungarian Refugee Act
Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education
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1957
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Refugee-Escapee Act
Civil Rights Act
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1960
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Civil Rights Act
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1961
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Executive Order No. 10925: Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity
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1962
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Executive Order No. 11063: Committee on Equal Opportunity in Housing
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1963
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Executive Order No. 11114: Equal Employment Opportunity
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1964
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Civil Rights Act
Title I: Voting Rights
Title IV: Education
Title V: Commission on Civil Rights extended and given charge as national clearinghouse of information
Title VI: Federally assisted programs could not discriminate on the basis of race
Title VII: Equal Employment Opportunity
Title VIII: Registration and voting statistics to be compiled by U.S. Bureau of the Census
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THE END OF IMMIGRATION QUOTAS: 1965- AND THE RISE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
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1965
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Immigration and Naturalization Act
Voting Rights Act
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Act
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1968
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Presidentially appointed Kerner Commission on Civil Disorders cited white racism as major cause of urban unrest
Civil Rights Act: Fair Housing Act
Bilingual Education Act
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1969
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Supreme Court ruling called for "all deliberate speed," with educational desegregation to occur at once
Executive Order No. 111458 created a structure for the Office of Minority Business Enterprises within the Department of Commerce
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1971
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Supreme Court upheld lower court decision in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Supreme Court ruled in Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
Executive Order No. 11625 provided definition of minority business and
apparatus for collection of data regarding such firms
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1972
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Equal Employment Opportunity Act
Ethnic Heritage Act
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1974
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Equal Educational Opportunities Act
Housing and Community Development Act
Jackson-Vanick Act
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1975
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Amendment to Voting Rights Acts of 1965 protected "language groups"
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act targeted people of limited English speaking ability
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1976
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Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
Supreme Court ruled on Runyon v. McCrary
Immigration and Naturalization Act Amendments
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1977
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Community Reinvestment Act
Public Works Employment Act-10 percent of federally funded public works contracts set aside for minority business
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1978
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Immigration and Naturalization Act amendments
Supreme Court decision on The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Supreme Court ruled on United States Steelworkers of America v. Weber
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1980
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Refugee Act
Supreme Court ruled on Fullilove v. Klutznick
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1982
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Voting Rights Act extended
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1984
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Supreme Court decision on Firefighters Local Union No. 1794 (Memphis, Tennessee) v. Stotts
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1986
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Immigration Reform and Control Act
Supreme Court decision on International Association of Firefighters v. City of Cleveland
Supreme Court decision on New York City v. Sheet Metal Worker's Union
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1987
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Supreme Court decision on United States v. Paradise
Supreme Court decision on Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa
Clara, California
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1989
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Soviet refugee ceiling raised
Supreme Court ruling on Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins
Supreme Court ruling on Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonia
Supreme Court ruling on Martin v. Wilkes
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1990
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Immigration Act
Soviet refugee ceiling raised
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